This tool is a slightly different approach to accounting for PMI by focusing on waste. Frank Roschangar, Boehringer-Ingelheim, led a joint effort by the IQ Consortium, ACS GCIPR, and academic leaders, to develop the iGAL calculator to illustrate how green chemistry and engineering innovation can reduce waste mass during bulk active pharmaceutical manufacture. The calculator uses a statistical analysis of 64 bulk active pharmaceutical manufacturing processes encompassing 703 steps across 12 companies to provide a relative process greenness score. This score may then be used as a means of making meaningful comparisons between different processes and their associated waste reductions.