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Introduction of a process mass intensity metric for biologics

Miles H. Aukland, Theresa Dutschei, Oliver D. Engl, Pascal S. Engl, Álvaro Enríquez García, Alejandro Gimenez Molina, Vanessa Harawa, Christopher B. Kelly, Alexandre Leclair, Johnny W. Lee, Zhen Lei, Wei Li, Matthew Osborne, Kedwin Rosa Pagan, Jan Pawlas, Paul F. Richardson, Amarjit Singh, William J. Smith, Alan Steven, Balaram S. Takale; Green Chemistry Articles of Interest to the Pharmaceutical Industry. Org. Process Res. Dev. 17 April 2026; 30 (4): 807–816. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.5c00432